Colour Space

•November 29, 2007 • 1 Comment

There are 5 different colour spaces when dealing with images:

RGB (red green blue)

Greyscale

YUV (luminance and chrominance)

HSV (hue saturation value)

CMYK (cyan magenta yellow black)

RGB

RGB uses ‘additive colour’ to make new colours. It does this by adding light to the source which is being coloured and adjusting it and adding colour until the right shade is created. Red, green and blue colour values are stored differently. RGBA has an extra ‘alpha’ colour setting to change the transparance of an image.

CMYK

CMYK is made from Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black. This colour mode is used when the intent to print is involved. unlike RGB, CMYK adds ink to white until the desried colour is schieved. It is easier and simpler to use for printing because the setting deals with colour in the same way a printer would, by slowly adding ink to increase the density. This makes it more useful for printing because the RGB colours are more vidiv and bright, making them hard to make with inks.

Greyscale

Grayscale images give the best quality if the desired effect is for something that looks old. Greyscale images are only ever in different shades of grey that can be as light as white or as dark as black. Over 256 shades are used in one picture to give the best quality detail. An easy way of switching to this colour mode is to completely desrease the saturation of the image. any colour will be drained leaving only shades of grey.

YUV

YUV is used when dealing with images in a video. The Y stands for “luma” which is how bright the image is. The U and V provide a code which is converted into colour  through a signal when the video is played and are known as the chrominance components. It used the RGB colour mode to display images. the luma changes how light the images are and makes the colours paler but the light more intensified.

HSV

 HSV colours are represented in a cylinder. the central axis ranges from black at the bottom, shades of grey in the middle and white at the top. The colours around the axis represent the Hue, the distance from a colour to the axis shows the Saturation and how far along the axis the colour is represents it’s value. HSV is the colour space used to improve the simple colours in RGB to give an image more tones and highlights. This colour mode is most often used in digital graphics. The user can select a colour and then choose it’s hue and saturation from a separate menu.

Genre

•November 21, 2007 • 1 Comment

a genre is a category that something is placed into which appeals to an audience. the music, film and press industries all have different categories.

Music Genres

rock

rap

metal

hip hop

ska

dance

regge

folk

alternative

j-pop

pop

soundtrack

country

disco

punk rock

techno

emo

cultural

Film Genres

action

comedy

thriller

horror

romance

sci-fi

cartoon

anime

fantasy

musical

adventure

Game Genres

beat-em-up

shoot-em-up

adventure

action

racing

puzzle

1st-person

brain training

fantasy

simulator

mmorpg

educational

exercise

platform

Internet Genres

Art

Shopping

Porn

Gambling

comics

news

search

social networking

flie sharing

music

business

games

Bith Depth

•November 15, 2007 • 1 Comment

The ‘bit depth’ of an image is how many colours can be used. these can range from 1-bit to more than 24-bit “true colour” images. The bit depth of an image is measured in Pixels Per Inch (ppi). This measurement can vary depending on the resolution of the monitor on which it is displayed.

In our everyday life, we deal with numbers that can be broken down into standard form. fpr example, 65,231 can be broken into (6 x 10^4) + (5 x 10^3) + (2 x 10^2) + (3 x 10) + (1 x 10^1). To make it simple, 60000 + 5000 + 200 + 30 + 1. The 10 digits (0-9) we use are known as ‘base 10′ and on a computer are the ‘two fingers’. however, on a computer a base 2 system is used with only the numbers 1 and 0. Either 1 or 0 is always followed by a power of 2.

1001011 = (1 x 2^6) + (0 x 2^5) + (0 x 2^4) + (1 x 2^3) + (0 x 2^2) + (1 x 2^1) + (1 x 2^0)

1001011 = (1 x 64) + (0 x 32) + (0 x 16) + (1 x 8 ) + (0 x 4) + (1 x 2) + (1 x 1)

1001011 = 64 + 8 + 2 + 1

1001011 = 75

This system of base 2 makes it much easier to work with colour values. This is known as Binary. The Hexadecimal system uses a base 16. This means that a number is followed by a power of 16. As 16 is 2^4, one digit in Hexadecimal represents 4 Binary digits. However as there are only 10 digits, the letters A to F are used to represent other numbers; A = 10, F = 15. The base number is the bit depth of the image. Base 16 is 16-bit, base 32 is 32-bit, etc.

B2A1 = (11 x 16^3) + (2 x 16^2) + (10 x 16^1) + (1 x 16^0)

B2A1 = (11 x 4069) + (2 x 256) + (10 x 16) + (1 x 1)

B2A1 = 44759 + 512 + 160 + 1

B2A1 = 45432

These numbers are used as the Hexadecimal number when picking a colour, say for example, a website.

Video Production – Yorkshire Sculpture Park

•November 8, 2007 • 1 Comment

Overall Filming Process

I think overall the filming process went well. I managed to film more than enough footage for my video and what i got was exactly what I’d hoped for. I did not need any assistance or props whilst filming, but i did need a few group members to volunteer to be filmed for a shot i needed. Incase I wanted to change anything, a friend said i could use her clips to fill in any space if necessary.

Capturing the Footage

To capture the footage, a group member connected the camera to a PC via a USB cable and copied the clips from the film. The clips were saved onto the desktop and then moved onto an external hard drive. From here, I used the member’s hard drive to copy the files and move them to my desktop where I could save them to my own hard drive. I can now start to piece together the rough cut for my video so that i can make my final video.

Editing Process

A lot of what we filmed turned out to be one long clip when it was opened in Adobe Premier. To fix this problem, I used the razor tool to cut the clip into smaller parts. Now that each individual clip has been sectioned off from the others, I can select the ones I want and start to make my rough cut.

To make my rough cut, I used the selection tool to place the clips in the right order on a sequence according to my storyboard. My rough cut was over 2 minutes long and so I used the rate stretch tool to shorten some clips and gave others headers and footers. My overall time became slightly over 2:30 and so this was enough to begin editing my final video.

the rough cut This is how my rough cut looks completed.

The audio track I am using in my final video is from the CD “Hybrid Theory” by Linkin Park. The clip is from the song ‘Cure for the Itch’. As this is copyrighted material, I cannot use my finished video in a public display without the permission from the owners. I will use this track because it has a very relaxed beat and it fits in well with my clips. It creates a happy and interesting atmosphere to the clips of the park. This will appeal to my target audience because it is by a well known band for the age group and it could persuade them to think there is something in the park they will enjoy.

When I finished my rough cut, I copied the sequence into a new project in Premier. The first thing I did to begin editing my final video was add headers and footers onto all of my clips so that video transitions could be placed over the top. I repeated the Cross Dissolve a few times in my video because I like the idea it creates. Because of the way the clips blend together, it makes it seem as though everything in the park follows on from the last and where ever you look there’s always something to keep you interested. This will appeal to my target audience because they won’t want to be bored. For changing a clip from a sculpture to scenery, I used Dither Dissolve because it shows that not everything is the same. Where you will walk is just as important as what’s there. Again, it helps to keep the audience interested in the video because the effects aren’t the same throughout. Using the same transitions all the time would make the video boring and my aiduence would loose interest. When changing to the clip of the group members running past a sculpture I used Cross Streatch to add variety to the video and to give the clip a different perspective from the others. As the clips merge together differently to the others, it will stop them from losing interest and give these clips a different point of view to the rest.

the final sequence Using my rough cut as a guid, this is how my final sequence turned out.

I only used a small amount of text in my video because i didn’t want my audience to be reading too much and missing what the video was showing them. By only using the minimum amount of text, I can use short, simple points to get my message across and at the same time allow my audience to see what is in the park. All the text is in white for it to stand out against the natural colours so it is easy to read for all. It does not spoil the images as the font is not too big or bold.

YSP text This is the text i was origonally thinking of using.

visit I then tried this text so it was more readable.

enjoy This is the text style i settled on as it is easy to read against any colour with the help of the stroked boarder.

By sticking to my storyboard and only having to delete one clip, I managed to get my final video to exactly 1:30. I am happy with how the final video looks

 Exporting the video

I exported my finished video twice to give different qualities and file sizes. The first was exported using the default settings on Premier which gives good quality but a large file size.

 Premier default settings

This would not be suitable for the web so i exported it again but this time into Windows Media Encoder. This is more suitable for viewing over the web but the quality is damaged. The good side to this is that it is a smaller file size which means it’s quicker to download or stream. To make the file size even smaller for viewing across the internet, I have dropped the frame rate to 15 fps (frames per second)

Windows Media Encoder settings

The problem with doing this however, is that only users with a PC using the windows operating system can view it freely. Mac users would have to download extra software in order to view the video and so it won’t appeal to my complete target audience.

Directors Commentary

Instead of recording myself talking for the commentary, I will write over my clips so it is easier to edit if I don’t like what I’ve done. i can now write my script that i will add over the top.

1st clip: I used this shot as my opening clip because I wanted  an establishing shot of the park to give my audience a clear idea of what the park looks like. I think it worked well as it is a 360 shot of the enterance of the park. It gives the  impression that the park has thisgs to see from the moment you arrive.

2nd clip: I used this as the image for my first sculpture because of it’s interesting design. It would grab the attention of my tagret audience and would make them want to keep watching too see what else there is.

3rd clip: i reversed the speed of this clip because it not only shows my audience more of what the park contains, it shows them that the complex twist of the branches comes from something so simple.

4th clip: I thought that this clip was interesting because it looked like a giant hamster wheel. This would catch the attention of my audience and keep them engaged in the video. I think this worked quite well and the next clip follows nicely as the transition wipes in the same direction as the movement.

5th clip: This clip shows that the park can be enjoyed by my target audience. By showing my age group in the video, it makes a direct reference to my audience and this helps to persuade them to visit.

6th clip: The ‘dip to black’ transition used for this brings the video back to the more serious reason of visiting the park. I think it works well with the audio.

7th & 8th clips: I used this clip at the end of the sequence because this is what I saw at the end of the park along with the swans. It gives my audience the feel that they have gone through the park how i did whilst I was filming. The way this clip was shot gives a calming feel to the end of the video. I think it works well with the image of the swans. The black fade in between the clips represents that these two things are next to each other in the park and as soon as you look away from one, you see the other.

I can now add this over my video to use as the directors commentary.

intro  sculpture  scenery  wheel  run  dip  swan

This is what my directors commentary now looks like with the script over the top. I used a vivid yellow and thick font to make it visible over the clips and other text. This is just to make it easier to read.

 To check that my video fits the theme of the Yorkshire Sculpture Park website, i have taken a screenshot of the website and added in a shot of my video. I think is looks quite well.

Edited web page
 

Schedule

•November 1, 2007 • 1 Comment

 October 18th

Filming in Yorkshire sculpture park. Capture the footage and plan which clips whill be used in the final sequence. View clips and decide if any more need to be captured.

October 25th

Write the treatment of the video and plan how the rough cut will look. decide if there will be a commentary or text on the screen.

November 1st

Capture clips and continue to plan the video. Gather final extracts of information about the park from www.ysp.co.uk and make a note of any names of sculptures i filmed. Establish my target audience and complete treatment of the video. Save clips to my hard drive.

November 5th – 7th

Make a storyboard to start a rough cut

November 8th

Create a roughcut of the video based on my storyboard.

November 22nd

Start to edit the final clips thogether and begin the the final video. Start to write a blog on how to capture footage, how the filming process went and how it turned out and how i have/will edit the final video.

November 29th

Write a short script for a directors commentary. Decide whether it will be spoken or written over the video and do so accordingly.

EPS

•October 17, 2007 • Leave a Comment

EPS

Encapsulated Post Script (EPS) is a normal document which has extra features to allow it to store images as a graphic file format. These files were the base for an early version of Adobe Illustrator Artwork format. EPS files have a set of data in the header which allows previews of the image which makes it easier to see what the file is before you open it. This can take a long time to render the information in the Post Script (PS) and has only recently been achieved

Apple Macintosh computers use to be the only computers that used EPS files but they could not simply render the information. This problem was solved by using the ‘fork’ system in a Mac which allows two files to be moved as though they were one. The information (PS) about the image was in one file and the actual PICT image was in the other.Although this worked on Macs, this system did not exist in other operating systems such as Windows. In order to make EPS available to other systems, Adobe added a TIFF file into the header of the PS which allowed an image to be saved. This still caused a problem for computers. Since part of the information for the image was now in a separate file, printers could not find the data in the PS. Printing appliances has to be updated so that they were compatible with EPS files.

PICT

•October 16, 2007 • Leave a Comment

PICT

Created by Apple Computers especially for it’s Macintosh computers, PICT can store both raster and vector images. Its file extension can be .pict, .pct, or .pic

PICT1 was the first version of this format and was very compressed when storing vector images. This changed when Colour Quickdraw was created and the Macintosh 2 was released. Images could now be up to 32-bit thanks to the new PICT2 format. The advantage with PICT images is that they can be opened in other programs on Macs. the bad thing about this is any defined lines in vector images can become distorted or thick. When the images are being printed, the colours often change and what you see on screen isn’t what you get in the final stage. Any text put onto an image that was opened in another program usually had wider spacing and so it’s not always a good idea to open images in anything other that what it was created in.

PCX

•October 14, 2007 • Leave a Comment

PCX

PCX was one of the first file formats created to save raster images. It was created by ZSOFT and became the native file format on its Paintbrush application. It supported different colour modes such as 8-bit Greyscale and 16-bit RBG until it advanced and was able to save 24-bit true colour images. Nowadays, fax machines and optical scanners have no need to support PCX although some still do. PCX has long since been replaced by more advanced and flexible formats such as JPEG, GIF and PNG. Like TIFF, PCX was a lossless file format so master copies could be created and none of the quality was damaged.

Information was stored differently in PCX files. Things such as the bit depth, image resolution and colour palette were stored separately from the actual image information. This way it was easier for other computers to display the image with different software.  PCX files were compressed using run-length encoding which meant it stored three or more bytes of running colour into a two-byte pair. the most important of these two-byte pairs was used as a ‘flag’ to determine if the information was to represent an individual pixel or a cluster of pixels the same colour.

MNG

•October 12, 2007 • 1 Comment

MNG

.mng is the file extension for Multiple-image Network Graphics (MNG). It supports animations and was created as a substitute fot the GIF file format. It uses both lossless and lossy compression techniques depending on the quality the user wishes to save. MNG is used to store animations but audio tracks are not compatible in order to keep the file size small. Released in 2001 it was supported by Konqueror, Mozilla and Netscape web browsers. However, since it was not very successful in the beginning, Mozilla and Netscape stopped using MNG in 2003 and instead made plug-ins available. Sony Ericson phones are the latest device to use MNG files. Although MNG is not as popular as it was hoped to be, developers still hope that it will soon replace GIF. On some computers, MNG-LC (low complexity) ad MNG-VLC (very low complexity) are used to save giving the entire specification code used to save an MNG file.

Digital Graphics

•October 11, 2007 • 1 Comment

a test of what we did on photoshop using paths and layers. the result was this glow to my drawing

psi-enargee-copy.jpg (original can be found here http://psifreak.deviantart.com/art/Psi-66806059 )